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      GROUP BY

      GROUP BY divides the rows in the alias into groups, for each group keeps one row and discard the rest of rows; it is always used in combination with aggregation and ORDER BY operations.

      Syntax: GROUP BY <expression> as <alias>, <expression> as <alias>, ...
      Input:

      • <expression>: Grouping criterion; multiple criteria must be homologous and are operated from left to right
      • <alias>: Alias of grouping criterion, optional

      For instance, apply mult-level grouping to path, first by the shape of initial-nodes n1, then by the colour of terminal-nodes n2 in each group; count the number of paths in each group and return both path and the count.

      n(as n1).re().n(as n2) as path
      group by n1.shape, n2.color
      return path, count(path)
      

      Sample graph: (to be used for the following examples)

      Run below UQLs one by one in an empty graphset to create graph data:

      create().node_schema("country").node_schema("movie").node_schema("director").edge_schema("filmedIn").edge_schema("direct")
      create().node_property(@*, "name")
      insert().into(@country).nodes([{_id:"C001", _uuid:1, name:"France"}, {_id:"C002", _uuid:2, name:"USA"}])
      insert().into(@movie).nodes([{_id:"M001", _uuid:3, name:"Léon"}, {_id:"M002", _uuid:4, name:"The Terminator"}, {_id:"M003", _uuid:5, name:"Avatar"}])
      insert().into(@director).nodes([{_id:"D001", _uuid:6, name:"Luc Besson"}, {_id:"D002", _uuid:7, name:"James Cameron"}])
      insert().into(@filmedIn).edges([{_uuid:1, _from_uuid:3, _to_uuid:1}, {_uuid:2, _from_uuid:4, _to_uuid:1}, {_uuid:3, _from_uuid:3, _to_uuid:2}, {_uuid:4, _from_uuid:4, _to_uuid:2}, {_uuid:5, _from_uuid:5, _to_uuid:2}])
      insert().into(@direct).edges([{_uuid:6, _from_uuid:6, _to_uuid:3}, {_uuid:7, _from_uuid:7, _to_uuid:4}, {_uuid:8, _from_uuid:7, _to_uuid:5}])
      

      Grouping and Aggregating

      Example: Find 2-step paths @country-@movie-@director, group by director and count the number of paths in each group

      n({@country}).e().n({@movie}).e().n({@director} as n)
      group by n
      return table(n.name, count(n))
      

      |     n.name    | count(n) |
      |---------------|----------|
      | Luc Besson    | 2        |
      | James Cameron | 3        |
      

      Analysis: An aggregation is executed within each group only if the aggregation funciton is composed right after the GROUP BY clause.

      Multi-level Grouping

      Example: Find 2-step paths @country-@movie-@director, group by country and then by director, count the number of paths in each group

      n({@country} as a).e().n({@movie}).e().n({@director} as b)
      group by a, b
      return table(a.name, b.name, count(a))
      

      | a.name |     b.name    | count(a) |
      |--------|---------------|----------|
      | France | Luc Besson    | 1        |
      | France | James Cameron | 1        |
      | USA    | Luc Besson    | 1        |
      | USA    | James Cameron | 2        |
      
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