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v4.2
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v4.2

    Connected Component

    Overview

    Connected Component algorithm is used to count the number of connected components in the current GraphSet, it is an indicator to examine the connectivity of the graph.

    Connected component is a coarse-grained metering method, if the number of connected components of a graph does not change, it can be considered from a macroscopic point of view that the topology characteristics of the graph have not changed.

    Basic Concept

    Connected Graph

    In undirected graph, if there is path between any two nodes, the graph is regarded as connected. There is no path between the red and green nodes in the graph below, so it is not connected.

    In directed graph, if there is path between any two nodes in at least one direction, the graph is regarded as Weakly Connected Graph; if there are paths in both two directions, the graph is regarded as Strongly Connected Graph. Known from the definition, strongly connected graph must meet the conditions of weakly connected graph.

    In the graph above, node pairs (1,4), (2,4) and (3,4) only have one-way paths, the graph only meets the requirements of weakly connected graph. Let's add another edge to the graph and calculate again:

    After the modification, all node pairs in the graph have bidirectional paths, so the modified graph is strongly connected graph.

    The criterion for determining a weakly connected graph in a directed graph can also be understood as: see if there is path between any two nodes when ignoring the direction of edges in the graph.

    Connected Component

    A connected component is a connected subgraph that is not part of any larger connected subgraph. According to the definition of connected graph, connected component can be divided into Weakly Connected Component and Strongly Connected Component.

    The example above calculates the strongly and weakly connected components of the same graph. The graph can be divided into 3 strongly connected components, or 2 weakly connected components. Strongly connected component has more stringent judgement conditions than weakly connected component, so that the number of strongly connected components is always greater than the number of weakly connected components.

    Special Case

    Lonely Node, Disconnected Graph

    Each lonely node in the graph is an independent connected component, it is both a strongly connected component and a weakly connected component.

    This algorithm calculates the number of connected components, if the current graph is a strongly connected graph, it has 1 connect component.

    Self-loop Edge

    Self-loop edge does not affect the connectivity of the graph, i.e. it does not participate in the calculation of connected components.

    Directed Edge

    Calculation of strongly connected component relies on the direction of directed edges, calculation of weakly connected component ignores the direction of edges.

    Results and Statistics

    Take the graph below as an example, run the Connected Component algorithm against all nodes:

    Algorithm results 1: Calculate weakly connect components of the whole graph, return _id, community_id or _uuidcommunity_id according to the execution method

    _uuid _id community_id
    8 Sam 0
    7 Mark 0
    2 Anna 2
    1 Alice 2
    3 Zoe 2
    4 Lee 5
    5 Park 5
    6 Joe 5

    Algorithm statistics 1: Number of weakly connected components community_count

    community_count
    3

    Algorithm results 2: Calculate strongly connect components of the whole graph, return _id, community_id or _uuidcommunity_id according to the execution method

    _uuid _id community_id
    8 Sam 0
    7 Mark 0
    2 Anna 2
    1 Alice 3
    3 Zoe 4
    4 Lee 5
    5 Park 6
    6 Joe 7

    Algorithm statistics 2: Number of strongly connected components community_count

    community_count
    7

    Command and Configuration

    • Command: algo(connected_component)
    • Configurations for the parameter params():
    Name
    Type
    Default
    Specification
    Description
    cc_type int 1 1 or 2 1 or if not sets means to calculate weakly connected components (WCC), 2 means to calculate strongly connected components (SCC)
    limit int -1 >=-1 Number of results to return; return all results if sets to -1 or not set
    order string / ASC/DESC, case insensitive To sort the returned results; no sorting is applied if not set

    Example: Calculate weakly connected components of the whole graph

    algo(connected_component).params({ 
      cc_type: 1 
    }) as wcc
    return wcc
    

    Algorithm Execution

    Task Writeback

    1. File Writeback

    Configuration Data in Each Row
    filename_community_id _id,community_id
    filename_ids community_id,_id,_id,...
    filename_num community_id,count

    Example: Calculate strongly connected components of the whole graph, write the algorithm results back to file named info, members and count

    algo(connected_component).params({
      cc_type: 2
    }).write({
      file:{ 
        filename_community_id: "info",
        filename_ids: "members",
        filename_num: "count"
      }
    })
    

    2. Property Writeback

    Configuration Writeback Content Type Data Type
    property community_id Node property int64

    Example: Calculate strongly connected components of the whole graph, write the community ID back to node property named community_id

    algo(connected_component).params({
      cc_type: 2
    }).write({
      db:{ 
        property: "community_id"
      }
    })
    

    3. Statistics Writeback

    Name Data Type Description
    community_count int Number of communities

    Example: Calculate strongly connected components of the whole graph, write the algorithm statistics back to task information

    algo(connected_component).params({
      cc_type: 2
    }).write()
    

    Direct Return

    Alias Ordinal Type Description Column Name
    0 []perNode Node and its community ID _uuid, community_id
    1 KV Number of communities community_count

    Example: Calculate strongly connected components of the whole graph, define algorithm results and statistics as aliases named r1 and r2, and return the results and statistics

    algo(connected_component).params({
      cc_type: 2
    }) as r1, r2
    return r1, r2
    

    Streaming Return

    Configurations for the parameter stream():

    Name
    Type
    Default
    Specification
    Description
    mode int 1 1 or 2 1 or if not sets means to return the community ID of each node, 2 means to return the number of nodes of each community
    Alias Ordinal Type Description Column Name
    0 []perNode / []perCommunity Node and its community ID / Community and its number of nodes _uuid, community_id / community_id, count

    Example: Calculate weakly connected components of the whole graph, define algorithm results as alias named communities, and return the results ordered by the descending count of nodes in community

    algo(connected_component).params({
      order: "desc"
    }).stream({
      mode: 2
    }) as communities
    return communities
    

    Real-time Statistics

    Alias Ordinal Type Description Column Name
    0 KV Number of communities community_count

    Example: Calculate weakly connected components of the whole graph, define algorithm statistics as alias named count, and return the statistics

    algo(connected_component).params().stats() as count
    return count
    
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