GROUP BY

GROUP BY divides the rows in the alias into groups, for each group keeps one row and discard the rest of rows; it is always used in combination with aggregation and ORDER BY operations.

Syntax: GROUP BY <expression> as <alias>, <expression> as <alias>, ...
Input:

• <expression>: Grouping criterion; multiple criteria must be homologous and are operated from left to right
• <alias>: Alias of grouping criterion, optional

For instance, apply mult-level grouping to path, first by the shape of initial-nodes n1, then by the colour of terminal-nodes n2 in each group; count the number of paths in each group and return both path and the count.

UQL
n(as n1).re().n(as n2) as path
group by n1.shape, n2.color
return path, count(path)

Sample graph: (to be used for the following examples)

Run below UQLs one by one in an empty graphset to create graph data: ```customlang___fold__lang_uql create().node_schema("country").node_schema("movie").node_schema("director").edge_schema("filmedIn").edge_schema("direct") create().node_property(@*, "name") insert().into(@country).nodes([{_id:"C001", _uuid:1, name:"France"}, {_id:"C002", _uuid:2, name:"USA"}]) insert().into(@movie).nodes([{_id:"M001", _uuid:3, name:"Léon"}, {_id:"M002", _uuid:4, name:"The Terminator"}, {_id:"M003", _uuid:5, name:"Avatar"}]) insert().into(@director).nodes([{_id:"D001", _uuid:6, name:"Luc Besson"}, {_id:"D002", _uuid:7, name:"James Cameron"}]) insert().into(@filmedIn).edges([{_uuid:1, _from_uuid:3, _to_uuid:1}, {_uuid:2, _from_uuid:4, _to_uuid:1}, {_uuid:3, _from_uuid:3, _to_uuid:2}, {_uuid:4, _from_uuid:4, _to_uuid:2}, {_uuid:5, _from_uuid:5, _to_uuid:2}]) insert().into(@direct).edges([{_uuid:6, _from_uuid:6, _to_uuid:3}, {_uuid:7, _from_uuid:7, _to_uuid:4}, {_uuid:8, _from_uuid:7, _to_uuid:5}]) ```

Grouping and Aggregating

Example: Find 2-step paths @country-@movie-@director, group by director and count the number of paths in each group

UQL
n({@country}).e().n({@movie}).e().n({@director} as n)
group by n
return table(n.name, count(n))

Result
|     n.name    | count(n) |
|---------------|----------|
| Luc Besson    | 2        |
| James Cameron | 3        |

Analysis: An aggregation is executed within each group only if the aggregation funciton is composed right after the GROUP BY clause.

Multi-level Grouping

Example: Find 2-step paths @country-@movie-@director, group by country and then by director, count the number of paths in each group

UQL
n({@country} as a).e().n({@movie}).e().n({@director} as b)
group by a, b
return table(a.name, b.name, count(a))

Result
| a.name |     b.name    | count(a) |
|--------|---------------|----------|
| France | Luc Besson    | 1        |
| France | James Cameron | 1        |
| USA    | Luc Besson    | 1        |
| USA    | James Cameron | 2        |